Yesterday the Life by the River Team welcomed over 130 guests to their Festival of Learning Event at the Kingfisher Barn next to the River Stour near Throop. The event was development by Holly Crossen-White and Angela Turner-Wilson from the Public Health Cluster in partnership with Tom Clarke from the RSPB and staff from Bournemouth Borough Council Parks. The aim of the event was to encourage the public to consider the health and wellbeing benefits that can be gained by spending time enjoying the natural environment. Of those who completed an evaluation form 63 % of visitors had never been to this stretch of the River Stour before and all said they planned to return. The Team received lots of positive feedback about the event with visitors saying ‘there was a brilliant atmosphere’ , ‘really relaxing’ and ‘lots of fun for everyone’.
Tagged / collaborative research
Best paper award!
Best Paper for 2015 Award in the international journal Heart. A paper published by Bournemouth University PhD student, Edward Carlton, and his supervisors, Prof. Ahmed Khattab (FHSS) and Prof. Kim Greaves from the University of the Sunshine Coast in Australia in collaboration with world-renowned hospitals: John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford; Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital in Australia; and Christchurch Hospital in New Zealand has been announced as the Winner of the “Heart Best Paper 2015 Award” [1]. This award is in recognition of the high quality and clinical impact of the paper. The winner for this award were chosen by the Editorial Team from the top 10 papers in each of the following three categories: downloads, citations and Altmetrics Score.
Dr. Edward Carlton has just finished his PhD at BU and he is now working as an Emergency Medicine Consultant in Bristol.
Congratulations!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
CMMPH
Reference:
Carlton EW, Cullen L, Than M, Gamble J, Khattab A, Greaves K. A novel diagnostic protocol to identify patients suitable for discharge after a single high-sensitivity troponin. Heart. 2015 Jul;101(13):1041-6. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307288. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
The Sun IS going to shine……
….so why not spend this Sunday enjoying
Life by the River
Members of the Public Health Cluster have been working in partnership with Tom Clarke from the RSPB over the last two years to to promote to the public the many health and wellbeing benefits there are from spending time outside enjoying the natural environment. The Team has also been working with Bournemouth Borough Council, Parks staff and supporting the development of a project based on a stretch of the River Stour. Heritage Lottery funding had enabled the creation of the Kingfisher Barn, a new visitor’s centre alongside the River Stour, near Throop. To showcase the work the project team Holly and Angela (BU), Tom (RSPB) and Bournemouth Parks staff have developed a Festival of Learning Event at the Kingfisher Barn with lots of outdoor activities for visitors of all ages. There will be an opportunity to discover how previous generations have lived their life by the river and there will be some lovely family photos showing how life was that have been generously provided by local families who have also shared their memories and helped Holly bring together the exhibition. There will be some messy things to do too so maybe pack some wellies if you would like to help create a cobb structure with Heidi a local artist who has been working with the Team. The event is this Sunday – 26th June at the Kingfisher Barn between 11am and 3pm. 
New collaborative Nepal paper
Today BU staff and post-graduate students published our latest diabetes paper. In the International Journal of Food, Nutrition and Public Health (IJFNPH) publish by the World Association for Sustainable Development (WASD) you’ll find ‘Diabetes prevention and management in South Asia: a call for action‘.
The lead BU author is Dr. Pramod Regmi. he is joint by Faculty of Health & Social Sciences (FHSS) PhD student Ms. Folashade Alloh as well as Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen of the Centre for Midwfiery, Maternal & Perinatal Health (CMMPH). Further national and international co-authors are: Dr. Om Kurmi based at the Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford; Dr. Nirmal Aryal, from the Department of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand; Dr.Puspa Raj Pant based at the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of the West of England; and Amrit Banstola based in the Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, also at the University of the West of England.
The paper can be found here! Please note, you need to be a WASD member to login and download this paper. Once you are logged in you will see a ‘Download’ button in the box above. If you do not have a login, you can register to join WASD free of charge.
New publication Carol Bond & Osman Ahmed
The week saw the publication of a new book by Elsevier (June 9th) Health Through Social Media which contains a chapter by FHSS staff Drs Carol Bond and Osman Ahmed called ‘Patient Empowerment Through Social Media’. Carol and Osman have a wide-ranging experience in researching and publishing about e-health, m-health and social media. They co-authored this topical chapter with a colleague in Australia.
Congratulations!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
CMMPH
Assessing Undergraduate Research Assistants’ Learning through Participatory Methods
This blog post reports on the progress of the CEL-Fusion Funded project Assessing Undergraduate Research Assistants’ Learning through Participatory Methods (AURAL).
The Undergraduate Research Assistantship (URA) is an institutional programme run by BU’s Research and Knowledge Exchange Office (RKEO), which furnishes academics with the financial means to hire a part-time (spring cohort) or full-time (summer cohort) research assistant who works between 75 and 225 hours on the academics’ research projects. This scheme runs twice a year and this year alone attracted 95 applications from academics with the most diverse projects.
Student researchers plan their diaries’ content over pizza and snacks.
Interventions that use a ‘students-as-researchers’ pedagogy, where undergraduate students are involved in research-intensive projects, are increasing in the UK (Walkington, 2015) and internationally (Healey, 2014). BU’s URA programme is an apposite case study given its arrangements of paid research placements, which position the scheme as both research-based and work-based learning. This research contributes to the burgeoning literature on students-as-researchers through its employment of a dialogical participatory research design whereby students actively self-monitor their evolving learning when working on a research project. Through the use of reflective diaries and participatory sessions, students engaged in the process of evaluating the impact of this university-wide scheme.
In this endeavour, RKEO and CEL worked closely to embed the research into the scheme. We matched a participatory planning session for those students taking part in the research with the induction for the entire cohort of URA, so that the timing would be convenient for the majority of them. In addition, the research was run in parallel with their URA placements, and the necessary adjustments were made when students continued working beyond their URA contracts.
The preliminary results of AURAL were reported during CELebrate, through a session that provided a link with other colleagues interested in fostering research-based learning and its university-wide implementation. Twelve students from the spring cohort agreed to take part in the research, but only 7 wrote at least one diary entry and 3 made it to the closing session. All students who agreed to take part are being invited for an in-depth interview, while 17 new participants have been recruited from the summer cohort.
For a flavour of the passages coded under ‘research skills’ gained by participants, see the quotes below:
I learnt how to successfully collect various forms of offline data in order to provide some background data for a study. I have also learnt that the collection process is not a scary as first thought, and confidence and professionalism is key to the collection of good data and a happy participant. The participant feel safe and confident and more willing to participate if you actually look like you know what you’re doing and happy to be doing so (Participant 3, Diary entry 5)
I understood Thematic Analysis a lot better and felt more comfortable doing it now knowing what I was doing (Participant 4, Diary entry 2)
The full results of this scheme will be ready by the end of the summer. Watch this space!
References
Healey, M. (2014). Integrating Undergraduate Research into the Curriculum: International Perspectives on Capstone and Final-year Projects. CUR Quarterly, 34(4), 26-32.
Walkington, H. (2015). Students as researchers: Supporting undergraduate research in the disciplines in higher education. York: Higher Education Academy.
Note: Earlier versions of this text were submitted as part of a number of internal and external applications and presented at CELebrate. The blog post was first published at the CEL Blog, and is reposted here with permission.
BU to host National Undergraduate Research Conference in April 2017
Bournemouth University is getting ready to host the 7th BCUR (British Conference in Undergraduate Research) on April 25-26 2017. Previous hosts include: University of Central Lancashire (2011), University of Warwick (2012), Plymouth University (2013), University of Nottingham (2014), University of Winchester (2015), and in 2016 Manchester Metropolitan University. BU has had representation at each of these gatherings previously, and is looking forward to hosting in 2017. At the last gathering in Manchester, the faculty of Management, SciTech and HSS all had undergraduate student abstracts accepted, profiling their research by way of poster session or oral presentations.
Two students who participated at the March 2016 conference in Manchester took a lot away from the enhanced learning experience the conference offered.
Aaron Wornes, final year international hospitality management student who presented his research on The General Attitudes of Self-Service Technology said “The diversity and level of research that was being presented was enthralling. I felt so proud that I was able to share my interests though my own research. My only regret was that I didn’t hear about BCUR sooner, I can’t wait for Bournemouth to host next year”. Edwin Lewis, a final year Tourism Management student made the following observations, “…it has given me time to reflect not only on my own research and what else I could include, but also the wide variety of undergraduate research that is being studied. The conference really helped me understand how important it is to recognise research projects. I am very excited that BU gets to hold BCUR next year”. Edwin presented his dissertation research on The Impacts of Airline Hubs on the European Aviation Market, A Case Study of the Emirates.
The current BU organising committee is taking shape with UET support and is made up of Gail Thomas (CEL), Luciana Esteves, Mary Beth Gouthro (conference co-chairs); representatives from each faculty, ie Maggie Hutchings/Peter Thomas (HSS); Xun He (SciTech); Fiona Cownie (FMC) and Miguel Moital (FoM). Also contributing to the planning are team members from: Marketing Communications, BU Events Team, SUBU and Estates.
Bournemouth Uni is expecting well over 400 delegates to this national research conference next April. It is a great opportunity to showcase the diverse quality of undergraduate research being undertaken at BU and other UK universities in attendance. If you seek further information, please contact any of your faculty colleagues mentioned above or co-chair Mary Beth Gouthro mgouthro@bournemouth.ac.uk.
For more information on BU’s prior involvement in BCUR activities, previous research blog entries can be found below, and follow #BCUR17.
2014:
2015:
2016:
http://blogs.bournemouth.ac.uk/research/2016/02/16/bu-undergraduate-research-on-show-in-parliament/
Announcement BU Humanisation Conference 2016
BU Humanisation Conference 21st June 2016
Venue: Room EB708, Executive Business Centre, 89 Holdenhurst Road, BH8 8EB
Please find the Programme for the Humanisation conference on the 21st June 2016 attached.
Please feel free to pass the information on to others internal and external to the university (academic and practice) who you feel may be interested
The conference is being run at no cost and so you need to make your own arrangements for lunch. Let Dr. Caroline Ellis-Hill ( cehill@bournemouth.ac.uk ) know by the 15th June if you wish to attend .
If you only want to attend for part of the day, please state which part of the day you’d like to attend.
| 9.30 | Registration | |
| 10.00 | Dr Caroline Ellis-Hill | Welcome |
| 10.10 | Anne Quinney | Humanisation of the BU Generic Student Assessment Criteria. |
| 10.30 | Dr Sean Beer | Perceptions of the authenticity of food: a study of residents in Dorset (UK) |
| 10.50 | Prof Ann Hemingway | Innovative routes to Wellbeing: Equine Assisted interventions |
| 11.10 | Coffee | |
| 11.30 | Jane Fry | Sharing human concerns: utilising an embodied interpretative approach to convey findings from a descriptive phenomenological study |
| 11.50 | Dr Carole Pound | Humanising care: translating theory into practice in stroke care |
| 12.10 | Rutherford and Dr. Emer Forde | The Rutherford Introspective Photography: Promoting self-reflection and wellbeing of GP trainees through photography. |
| 12.30 | Free time Please see information about local venues for lunch | |
| 2.00 | Dr Vanessa Heaslip | How phenomenology enables insight into the Human lives of Gypsy Roma Travellers’ |
| 2.20 | Mevalyn Cross | Experiencing the Humanisation Framework together |
| 2.40 | Dr Jan Mosja | Chaplaincy at the bedside. Learning from Buddhist chaplains and their contributions to the humanisation of health care. |
| 3.00 | Sally Lee | Humanising and the Care Act well-being principle |
| 3.20 | Dr Mary Grant and Dr Catherine Lamont Robinson | HeART of Stroke: feasibility study of an Art & Health intervention following a stroke |
| 3.40 | Thanks, Tea and Close | |
New nutrition paper FHSS
Today saw the publication of a paper analysing the long-term development of Nepal [1]. It offers insight into Nepal’s position in the country’s demographic transition in relation to its nutrition transition. In traditional societies both fertility and mortality are high and in modern post-industrial society both are low.
The lead author Yagya Prasad Subedi is a Ph.D. student at the University of Aberdeen and his co-authors are based at Liverpool John Moores University (Prof. Padam Simkhada, who is also BU Visiting Faculty) and in the Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinal Health (CMMPH) in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences (Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen).
Reference:
- Subedi, Y.P., Simkhada, P., van Teijlingen, E. (2016) Where is Nepal in the Demographic Transition within the wider context of the Nutrition transition? Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4: 155-166. The paper is freely available, click here!
Festival of Learning: Working Together for Widening Participation
27th June 2016 14:00-16:00
Talbot Campus
In the week that sees the publication of the White Paper and the Queen’s speech, issues of widening participation and education equity seem even more topical than ever.
BU’s programme of Fair Access Research seeks to create a culture of widening participation through working and learning together.
As part of BU’s Festival of Learning, our Fair Access Researchers will be facilitating a workshop exploring educational disadvantage in the region.
Bournemouth, Poole and surrounding region face significant challenges when it comes to supporting those most in need to access and succeed in education. These challenges are being tackled by dedicated experts working hard to support disadvantaged learners to engage in a variety of education settings.
The event will be held on Monday 27 June 2016 between 14:00-16:00 in the new FUSION BUILDING, TALBOT CAMPUS.
We are inviting experts working in the field of education and equality to come together and share experiences and skills to find sustainable solutions to the region’s major education challenges.
We want grassroots solutions to grassroots challenges facing the region. This approach will enable targeted and tailored responses that work with the unique challenges of education and social justice in a diverse rural and coastal region.
In this innovative two-hour workshop, we will work together to find sustainable solutions to the question:
“What are the challenges and opportunities for disadvantaged students to access education in the region?”
This workshop is about active participation by all those involved and collectively developing grassroots solutions. By taking part, you will be helping to build a community to turn challenges and barriers into opportunities and bridges.
We want you to be involved and to shape how our responses! So, please share with your colleagues and networks so that we can have a broad range of participants. We are particularly interested in learning from the expertise and experiences of:
- Pupil premium leads
- Further education practitioners
- Youth workers
- Community educators and activists
- Special Education Co-ordinators
It is through working together and learning with each other that we can help make regional education opportunities more accessible and more sustainable.
To book a place, click here.
To express an interest in participating in the workshop or find out more about the session or BU’s unique Fair Access Research project email Julie Atherton on athertonj@bournemouth.ac.uk
FHSS PhD student invited to speak in Saudi Arabia
BU PhD student Anita Immanuel has been invited to speak at the 4th Annual Saudi Hematology/Oncology Nurses Meeting in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia this Saturday (May 7th). Anita’s Ph.D. study examines the quality of lives of adults who have survived cancer of the blood or lymphatic system. Patients with haematological cancers have frequently reported lack of care-coordination as an unmet need following their intensive treatment. With the increase in the number of cancer survivors and possible long-term side effects that could impact on the quality of life, it is important to have (a) good post-treatment follow up; and (b) seamless coordination between health care providers.
Dr. Helen McCarthy (The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust), Anita’s clinical Ph.D. supervisor at congratulated her on this invitation. Dr. McCarthy said: “This talk in Saudi Arabia gives Anita the opportunity to present some of her preliminary Ph.D. findings.”
FHSS’s Dr. Jane Hunt commented: “Anita’s research is addressing a growing issue with more people living longer with cancer. Her Ph.D. identifies key quality of life issues and helps us to understand the needs surrounding survivorship care better.”
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
CMMPH
Sascha Dov Bachmann to present at EUCOM/SHAPE International Legal Conference (2016) in Warsaw,Poland
Dr Sascha Dov Bachmann, Associate Professor in International Law, FMC, and Extraordinary Associate Professor in War Studies, FHS, will present on Russian Information Operations in Ukraine during NATO’s EUCOM/SHAPE International Legal Conference (2016)
“The Legal Aspects of the National Security Response to Russian Aggression”. The event brings together 100 experts who are to dicsuss the legal aspects of Russia’s aggressive politics in Eastern Europe. Sascha will reflect on his ongoing work on Hybrid Warfare, http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/defence-committee/russia-implications-for-uk-defence-and-security/written/28402.html, http://www.ajol.info/index.php/smsajms/article/view/117421 and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277953401_RUSSIA’S_HYBRID_WARFARE_IN_THE_EAST_USING_THE_INFORMATION_SPHERE_AS_INTEGRAL_TO_HYBRID_WARFARE?_iepl[viewId]=5SEnEq26z9n23PZ8z1IVu0EN&_iepl[contexts][0]=timeline&_iepl[data][activityData][activityId]=277953401&_iepl[data][activityData][activityType]=Publication&_iepl[data][activityData][activityTimestamp]=1434326400&_iepl[data][viewType]=self&_iepl[interactionType]=publicationClickThrough.
New comparative paper India-Nepal
This week saw the publication of a new paper co-written by BU staff in the Sociological Bulletin. This is the first paper comparing Indian and Nepali Maoist rebels providing health services and health promotion to the communities under their influence. It presents the key provisions either made by rebel health workers themselves or by putting political pressure on government health workers to deliver better services in the areas controlled by rebels. Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen’s co-authors are based in India and Nepal. Prof. Gaurang R. Sahay is based at the Centre for Study of Developing Societies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India, whilst Bhimsen Devkota is Professor in Health Education, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
This sociological paper is based on a mixed-method approach comprising 15 interviews and a questionnaire survey with 197 Nepalese Maoist health workers and a secondary analysis of policy documents and other published materials on the Maoist health services of India. The paper suggests that rebel health services in India and Nepal followed a fairly similar approach to what and how they offered health care services to local populations. Maoists becoming a government party changed the political landscape for the rebel health workers in Nepal. However, not incorporating the Maoist rebel health workers into the government health system was a missed opportunity. There are lessons that India and Nepal can learn from each other. Should the Maoist rebels and the Government of India come to an agreement, potential for rebel health workers to be integrated in the official health care system should at least be considered.
The paper benefitted from an earlier review through eBU: Online Journal. The feedback from the eBU: Online Journal’s reviewers helped shape and polish the paper before submission to the Sociological Bulletin.
Edwin van Teijlingen
CMMPH
References:
- Sahay, G., Devkota, B., van Teijlingen, E.R. (2016) Rebel Health Services in South Asia: Comparing Maoist-led Conflicts in India & Nepal, Sociological Bulletin 65(1):19-39.
BU Academic appointed as Extraordinary Visiting Professor (AP) at Swedish Defence University
Sascha Dov Bachmann, Associate Professor in International Law, FMC, has been made Extraordinary Visiting Professor (AP) in War Studies at the Swedish Defence University (FHS). This appointment recognizes his contribution to the work of the Department of Military Studies at FHS on the subject of Hybrid War and Hybrid Threats. He continues to collaborate with colleagues from Sweden, Germany and NATO on the subject.
THET presentation at BNAC
On Thursday 14th April Dr. Bibha Simkhada (Liverpool John Moores University & BU Visiting Faculty) and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen presented their education research in Liverpool. The work is part of a THET-funded project at the 14th Britain-Nepal Academic Council (BNAC) Nepal Study Days. The presentation ‘Mental Health Training and Education in Nepal‘ is part of an international project led by Bournemouth University. BU collaborates with Tribhuvan University (Nepal’s largest & oldest university) and Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU). The project receives funding from DFID, and is managed through THET and supported locally in Nepal by a non-governmental organisation called Green Tara Nepal. The project takes UK volunteers, people with experience in midwifery, mental health, higher education, nursing, health visiting, etc. to the southern part of Nepal.
Mental health is a difficult topic to discuss in Nepal (as it often is in the UK). This makes it hard for front-line health workers, especially non-mental health specialists, to start a discussion about mental health issues with patients.
As part of this THET-funded programme to train community health worker such as Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) on mental health issues related to pregnancy, we conducted a review of all relevant health curricula in Nepal. The key findings are that mental health issues in pregnancy and childbirth are often lacking in the curricula for both nurses and ANMs as a result community-based staff lack training in this topic. There is a great need for a curriculum to facilitate relevant training for ANMs.
We would like to repeat our call for volunteers. If you are a health or education professional with an interest in mental health and/or maternity care and you are interested in volunteering later this year for a week to ten days in Nepal please contact Edwin van Teijlingen (evteijlingen@bournemouth.ac.uk ).
2016 BNAC conference with BU representation in Liverpool
At the 14th BNAC (Britain-Nepal Academic Council) Nepal Study Days starting tomorrow (14th April 2016) FHSS’s PhD student Jib Acharya will presenting his poster on ‘A Comparative Study on Nutritional Problems in Preschool Aged Children of Kaski district of Nepal’. Jib’s PhD project is supervised by FHSS’s Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen, Dr. Jane Murphy and Dr. Martin Hind. Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen is also joint supervisor of Sarita Pandey (based at the University of Sheffield) whose poster ‘Factors that promote and hinder provision of maternal health services by Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHV) in rural Nepal’ will also be on display.
BU Visiting Faculty Dr. Bibha Simkhada (based at Liverpool John Moores University) will be presenting on the on-going THET-funded project ‘Mental Health Training and Education in Nepal’. This paper is part of the education stream of the conference,and its acceptance is a reflection of BU’s reputation in Educational Research. This paper has co-authors based in the UK and Nepal: Bibha Simkhada, Edwin van Teijlingen, Jillian Ireland, Padam Simkhada, Bhimsen Devkota, Lokendra Sherchan, Ram Chandra Silwal, Shyam K. Maharjan, Ram K. Maharjan, Geeta Sharma, and Samridhi Pradhan. Both Prof. Padam Simkhada and Ms. Jillian Ireland are BU Visiting Faculty.
The first Study Day tomorrow starts with an invited Skills-building session on Focus Group Research by Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen. The final day includes a paper on ‘Impacts of Migration in Nepal’ by Prof. Padam Simkhada and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen.
We are hoping to get the 15th BNAC Study Days to Bournemouth University for this time next year!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
CMMPH
Universities increase income from business collaboration
UK universities earned £4.2 billion from provision of services to businesses and collaborative research in the 2014-15 academic year, up from £3.9bn the previous year.
The latest Higher Education Business and Community Interaction Survey (2014 – 2015), published on 7 April by the Higher Education Statistics Agency, looked at all publicly funded UK higher education institutions and their interactions with businesses and other organisations.
In 2014-15, the largest chunk of this income was from collaborative research involving public funding, which reached £1.26bn, up from £1.14bn in the previous year. This was a change in emphasis, as in 2013-14 universities gained most of their income from contract research. However, contract research earnings also increased between 2013-14 and 2014-15, from £1.2bn to £1.21bn.
Universities also upped their earnings from courses for business and the community by £35m to £715m, from regeneration and development programmes by almost £22m to £205m, and from intellectual property by £24m to £155m.
The analysis also includes information on the number of spinouts and start-up companies created by UK universities, and shows that the number of graduate start-up companies created in 2014-15 was 4,160, lower than the 4,581 companies started in 2013-14.
However, the total number of active firms with some involvement from a higher education provider in the UK was 13,045 in 2014-15, up from 11,856 in 2013-14.
The Higher Education Funding Council for England will publish its analysis of the data for England later in the year.
This article was posted in Research Professional.
You can set up your own personalised alerts including news on Research Professional. If you need help setting these up, just ask your School’s/Faculty’s Funding Development Officer in RKEO or view the recent blog post here.
Congratulations to Prof. Hundley on her latest systematic review paper
This week Professor Vanora Hundley in the Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health (CMMPH) published a systematic review form with her international collaborators working on early labour. The paper is called ‘Diagnosing onset of labor: A systematic review of definitions in the research literature‘ and can be found it the Open Access journal BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth. [1]
Congratulations!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
Reference:
- Hanley GE, Munro S, Greyson D, Gross MM, Hundley V, Spiby H and Janssen PA (2016) Diagnosing onset of labor: A systematic review of definitions in the research literature. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 16: 71 http://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-016-0857-4
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