BU Research Blog | social sciences | Bournemouth University

February 28, 2019

Dr. Aryal funded to attend international workshop on migration & health

conferences, international, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

Congratulations to Dr. Nirmal Aryal in the Faculty of Health & Social Sciences has been selected to participate in an international workshop targeting early career researchers (ECRs) on ‘Engendering research and reframing policy debate on migration & health and intersectional rights’ to be held in Kathmandu (Nepal) from 25th to 28th April 2019.

This workshop is jointly organized by several universities in the UK, India as well as the International Organisation for Migration, as well as the Migration Health and Development Research Initiative(MHADRI). There will be 18 ECRs from South Asia and South East Asia and Nirmal is one for the six from the UK. The organizers will fund flight to and accommodation in Nepal.

Congratulations!

Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen

CMMPH

February 26, 2019

British Academy Small Grants – Opens 10th April 2019

apekalski

The call for the next round of BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants will open 10^th April 2019 and close 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019 and is aimed at Early Career Researcher and/or pump priming purposes.

If you can’t attend this session, then we ask you to submit your intention to bid form to your Funding Development Officer by 17^th April 2019, after this date applications will be moved to the Autumn round.

The British Academy have provided updated guidance on the small grants – BA scheme notes for applicants and BA FAQs . They have asked that all applicants read the documentation carefully before starting their application.

Timeline

The call closes at 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019.

20^th March 2019	RKEO British Academy Guidance session
10^th April 2019	Call Opens – start reading guidance
17th April 2019	Intention to bid forms to be submitted to your faculty Funding Development Officer.
27^th May 2019	Nominated referee supporting statement to be completed via FlexiGrant
28^th May 2019	Your final application must be submitted on FlexiGrant by this date at the latest.
28^th May -5^th June 2019	Institutional checks to take place by RDS

Any queries please contact Alexandra Pekalski

February 26, 2019

BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants Workshop

apekalski

The call for the next round of BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants will open 10^th April 2019 and close 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019 and is aimed at Early Career Researcher and/or pump priming purposes.

It is strongly advised that you attend the British Academy small guidance session on 20^th March 2019, where the Funding Development team will go through:

The British Academy scheme notes for applicants
The British Academy FAQs
The British Academy Assessment Criteria
As well as a chance to ask questions from recent British Academy award winners

After the session you will have the chance to sit with a Research Facilitator and Funding Development Officer, to go through costs and your draft proposal. As well as the opportunity to have your proposal reviewed by an external application reviewer.

If you can’t attend this session, then we ask you to submit your intention to bid form to your Funding Development Officer by 17^th April 2019, after this date applications will be moved to the Autumn round.

The British Academy have provided updated guidance on the small grants – BA scheme notes for applicants and BA FAQs . They have asked that all applicants read the documentation carefully before starting their application.

Timeline

The call closes at 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019.

20^th March 2019	RDS British Academy Guidance session
10^th April 2019	Call Opens – start reading guidance
17th April 2019	Intention to bid forms to be submitted to your faculty Funding Development Officer.
27^th May 2019	Nominated referee supporting statement to be completed via FlexiGrant
28^th May 2019	Your final application must be submitted on FlexiGrant by this date at the latest.
28^th May -5^th June 2019	Institutional checks to take place by RDS

Any queries please contact Alexandra Pekalski

February 25, 2019

BU contributes to International Conference in India.

Centre for Excellence in Learning, international, Publishing, Training, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

This past weekend saw BU Visiting Professor Padam Simkhada, who is a Professor of International Public Health in the Public Health Institute at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), delivering the keynote speech in an International Conference on Mixed-Methods Research (ICMMR 2019). His presentation at the conference, held at the Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala (India), was held on Saturday. The next day (Sunday 24th February) the two Bournemouth University academics Dr. Pramod Regmi and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen and facilitated a session on academic publishing under the heading “Meet the editors” via Skype. Over 200 delegates from 10 countries, mainly from India and other South Asian countries participated in the conference.

BU focuses its global collaborations on three geographical areas, one of these is the Indian sub-continent. Connect India is BU’s strategic Hub of Practice for the Indian sub-continent, bringing together a community of researchers, educators, practitioners and students to collaborate with colleagues in India and Nepal.

February 19, 2019

BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants Workshop- Now Open

apekalski

The call for the next round of BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants will open 10^th April 2019 and close 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019 and is aimed at Early Career Researcher and/or pump priming purposes.

It is strongly advised that you attend the British Academy small guidance session on 20^th March 2019, where the Funding Development team will go through:

The British Academy scheme notes for applicants
The British Academy FAQs
The British Academy Assessment Criteria
As well as a chance to ask questions from recent British Academy award winners

After the session you will have the chance to sit with a Research Facilitator and Funding Development Officer, to go through costs and your draft proposal. As well as the opportunity to have your proposal reviewed by an external application reviewer.

If you can’t attend this session, then we ask you to submit your intention to bid form to your Funding Development Officer by 17^th April 2019, after this date applications will be moved to the Autumn round.

The British Academy have provided updated guidance on the small grants – BA scheme notes for applicants and BA FAQs . They have asked that all applicants read the documentation carefully before starting their application.

Timeline

The call closes at 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019.

20^th March 2019	RDS British Academy Guidance session
10^th April 2019	Call Opens – start reading guidance
17th April 2019	Intention to bid forms to be submitted to your faculty Funding Development Officer.
27^th May 2019	Nominated referee supporting statement to be completed via FlexiGrant
28^th May 2019	Your final application must be submitted on FlexiGrant by this date at the latest.
28^th May -5^th June 2019	Institutional checks to take place by RDS

Any queries please contact Alexandra Pekalski

February 18, 2019

New epilepsy paper by BU academics

Publishing, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

Congratulations to Dr. Sarah Collard and Dr. Pramod Regmi whose paper ‘Qualitative insights into feelings, knowledge, and impact of SUDEP: A narrative synthesis’. The paper has been accepted by the scientific journal Epilepsy & Behavior (published by Elsevier). Epilepsy Action is a charity that improves the lives of everyone affected by epilepsy. Epilepsy Action gives advice, improves healthcare, funds research and campaigns for change.

Well done!

Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen

CMMPH

February 12, 2019

British Academy Small Grants Workshop – Now Open

apekalski

The call for the next round of BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants will open 10^th April 2019 and close 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019 and is aimed at Early Career Researcher and/or pump priming purposes.

It is strongly advised that you attend the British Academy small guidance session on 20^th March 2019, where the Funding Development team will go through:

The British Academy scheme notes for applicants
The British Academy FAQs
The British Academy Assessment Criteria
As well as a chance to ask questions from recent British Academy award winners

After the session you will have the chance to sit with a Research Facilitator and Funding Development Officer, to go through costs and your draft proposal. As well as the opportunity to have your proposal reviewed by an external application reviewer.

If you can’t attend this session, then we ask you to submit your intention to bid form to your Funding Development Officer by 17^th April 2019, after this date applications will be moved to the Autumn round.

The British Academy have provided updated guidance on the small grants – BA scheme notes for applicants and BA FAQs . They have asked that all applicants read the documentation carefully before starting their application.

Timeline

The call closes at 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019.

20^th March 2019	RDS British Academy Guidance session
10^th April 2019	Call Opens – start reading guidance
17th April 2019	Intention to bid forms to be submitted to your faculty Funding Development Officer.
27^th May 2019	Nominated referee supporting statement to be completed via FlexiGrant
28^th May 2019	Your final application must be submitted on FlexiGrant by this date at the latest.
28^th May -5^th June 2019	Institutional checks to take place by RDS

Any queries please contact Alexandra Pekalski

February 5, 2019

British Academy Small Grants Workshop – Open Now

apekalski

The call for the next round of BA/Leverhulme Small Research Grants will open 10^th April 2019 and close 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019 and is aimed at Early Career Researcher and/or pump priming purposes.

It is strongly advised that you attend the British Academy small guidance session on 20^th March 2019, where the Funding Development team will go through:

The British Academy scheme notes for applicants
The British Academy FAQs
The British Academy Assessment Criteria
As well as a chance to ask questions from recent British Academy award winners

After the session you will have the chance to sit with a Research Facilitator and Funding Development Officer, to go through costs and your draft proposal. As well as the opportunity to have your proposal reviewed by an external application reviewer.

If you can’t attend this session, then we ask you to submit your intention to bid form to your Funding Development Officer by 17^th April 2019, after this date applications will be moved to the Autumn round.

The British Academy have provided updated guidance on the small grants – BA scheme notes for applicants and BA FAQs . They have asked that all applicants read the documentation carefully before starting their application.

Timeline

The call closes at 5pm on Wednesday 5^th June 2019.

20^th March 2019	RDS British Academy Guidance session
10^th April 2019	Call Opens – start reading guidance
17th April 2019	Intention to bid forms to be submitted to your faculty Funding Development Officer.
27^th May 2019	Nominated referee supporting statement to be completed via FlexiGrant
28^th May 2019	Your final application must be submitted on FlexiGrant by this date at the latest.
28^th May -5^th June 2019	Institutional checks to take place by RDS

Any queries please contact Alexandra Pekalski

January 27, 2019

New textbook for medical students

Centre for Excellence in Learning, international, Publishing, Training, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

Experts from universities across the UK have contributed to a new edition of a best-selling textbook which is out this month. This is the fourth edition of Psychology and Sociology Applied to Medicine which is a jargon-free 179-page introduction to psychology and sociology for medical students (and other health care students). The book is published by one of the largest academic publishers in the world, Elsevier in its series of Illustrated Colour Texts.

Seventy-three academics contributed chapters to the book which was edited by psychologist Prof. Gerry Humphris (University of St. Andrews) and sociologist Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen (Bournemouth University). The contributors are discipline and topic experts and come mainly from the UK but some are from further afield such as Ireland and Australia. Compared to the third edition this latest edition has 45 new authors, who contribute the most up-to-date knowledge on classical psychological and sociological concepts and issues. All chapters have been updated and several have been renamed and revamped to reflect changes in society, and three new ones have been added. The editors are very grateful to Catherine Calderwood, Chief Medical Officer for Scotland, for writing the Foreword.

Teaching behavioural and social sciences to students is of vital importance for good health care in the future. This textbook covers topics across the life cycle from birth to death. A range of concepts and issues such as health screening, personality & health, quality of life, self-care, and anxiety are explained in an easy to understand fashion. This makes the textbook excellent introductory text as well as an essential revision tool for students. This textbook for medical students is Bournemouth University’s latest contribution to medical training.

Reference:

van Teijlingen, E. & Humphris, G. (Eds.) (2019)Psychology & Sociology Applied to Medicine: An Illustrated Colour Text (4^th Edn), Edinburgh: Elsevier The book is available as eBook [ISBN: 9780702062995] and as paperback [ISBN: 9780702062988].

January 21, 2019

Calls for Global Challenges Research Fund OPEN

Theresa

The following Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) calls are open and a Town Hall meeting has been arranged to cover the call details.

EDUCATION – Gender and Intersectionality Network Plus

RESILIENCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL SHOCKS AND CHANGE – Ensuring resilience enhances the Sustainable Development Goals

CROSS PORTFOLIO CALLS – Gender and Intersectionality and Education as a driver of sustainable development network plus

A short Expression of Interest (EOI) should be completed by those intending to submit to this call by 16:00 on 11 March 2019.

ESRC will host a town hall meeting to explain the ambitions of this call in more detail. The town hall meeting will be held in central London on 7 February 2019. This event is open to anyone with an interest in the GCRF and development research opportunities, but tickets must be booked in advance.

Alexandra Pekalski is booked to attend. Please contact her on apekalski@bournemouth.ac.uk if you have any queries.

January 21, 2019

UKRI GCRF regional engagement events – Now Open!

apekalski

UKRI are developing a programme of UK based GCRF engagement events which will take place January-March 2019. These events provide a timely opportunity to engage with the GCRF Challenge Leaders, for UKRI to provide an update on live and upcoming ODA calls/activities, and to discuss key topics e.g. interdisciplinary approaches, building equitable partnerships, and maximising impact.

These events are open to anyone with an interest in the GCRF and development research opportunities. Please find below details of the confirmed events, further dates, locations and application links will be added in due course.

Date	Location	Challenge Portfolios	Event registration
28 January	Keele	Security Protracted Conflict, Refugee Crises and Forced Displacement Food Systems	Register for event
7 February	London	Education Resilience to Environmental Shocks and Change Education, Gender and Resilience	Register for event
14 February	Birmingham	Security Protracted Conflict, Refugee Crises and Forced Displacement Education	Register for event
22 February	Sheffield	Food Systems Resilience to Environmental Shocks and Change
25 February	London	Security Protracted Conflict, Refugee Crises and Forced Displacement Cities and Sustainable Infrastructure	Register for event
7 March	Manchester	Global Health Cities and Sustainable Infrastructure
12 March	Edinburgh	Education Security Protracted Conflict, Refugee Crises and Forced Displacement	Register for event
15 March	Sussex	Education Global Health
26 March	Cardiff	Food Systems Resilience to Environmental Shocks and C

If you wish to discuss, please contact myself via email or phone (01202 961204).

January 21, 2019

Reflections on doing interdisciplinary research

Centre for Excellence in Learning, international, Knowledge Transfer, open access, Public engagement, Publishing, REF Subjects, Research assessment, Research Integritiy, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

Conducting interdisciplinary or even transdisciplinary research has become more to the fore in many academic fields. As a result of the steady rise of multidisciplinary research It has been made more explicit in REF 2021 [1]. For example, REF 2021 UoA 2 Public Health, Health Services & Primary Care “recognises the breadth and diverse range of single, multidisciplinary and/or multi-professional research across public health, health services and primary care”, whilst UoA22 Anthropology & Development Studies states that its submissions “can be multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary and may combine social science with other disciplines”.

However, doing multidisciplinary research is not without its problems (and barriers). In a paper accepted today we reflect on some of these issues [2]. The co-authors are Bournemouth University’s Dr. Pramod Regmi, Dr. Nirmal Ayral and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen, and BU Visiting Professor Padam Simkhada (Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University) and BU graduate Dr. Pratik Adhikary (Green Tara Nepal). We all are Public Health researchers, with very different educational backgrounds and training, reflecting the diversity of and interdisciplinarity in the field. Several of us have a first degree in Education or Health Education, but one has a first degree in Sociology. Whilst four of the five authors have Master degree in Public Health and/or Health Promotion, two have a Master in Education. Most of us have a Ph.D. in Public Health, but again one of us has a Ph.D. in Sociology. Our paper ‘Interdisciplinary Research in Public Health: Not quite straightforward’ has been accepted by the journal Health Prospect [2]. The advantage of this journal, which is part of the NepJOL family is that it is Open Access and hence freely available for anybody working in Public Health across the globe.

Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen

Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health (CMMPH)

Reference:

REF 2021 (2018) Consultation on the draft panel criteria and working methods https://www.ref.ac.uk/media/1013/consultation-on-the-draft-panel-criteria-and-working-methods-ref-2018_02.pdf
van Teijlingen, E., Regmi, P.R., Adhikary, P., Aryal, N., Simkhada, P. (2019) Interdisciplinary Research in Public Health: Not quite straightforward, Health Prospect (forthcoming)

January 16, 2019

Beautiful Work Challenge: Podcast on Birth

Centre for Excellence in Learning, international, Public engagement, Publishing, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

A few months ago Dr. Ann Luce (Faculty of Media & Communication) and I were interviewed by the US-based organisation Catalysta TM on the issue of the portrayal of childbirth in the media. This week Catalysta released the podcast which is available here!

The online interviews with a journalist and podcast producer in the USA was based on our publications around the topic, such as our highly cited BMC Pregnancy& Childbirth paper ‘“Is it realistic?” the portrayal of pregnancy and childbirth in the media ‘ [1] and our 2017 book Midwifery, Childbirth and the Media published by Palgrave Macmillan [2], as well as papers in UK midwifery journals [3-4].

Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen

CMMPH

References

Luce, A., Cash, M., Hundley, V., Cheyne, H., van Teijlingen, E., Angell, C. (2016) “Is it realistic?” the portrayal of pregnancy and childbirth in the media, BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth 16: 40
Luce, A., Hundley, V., van Teijlingen, E. (Eds.) (2017) Midwifery, Childbirth and the Media, London: Palgrave Macmillan [ISBN: 978-3-319-63512-5].
Hundley, V., Duff, E., Dewberry, J., Luce, A., van Teijlingen, E. (2014) Fear in childbirth: are the media responsible? MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 24(4): 444-447.
Hundley, V., Luce, A., van Teijlingen, E. (2015) Do midwives need to be more media savvy? MIDIRS Midwifery Digest 25(1):5-10

January 12, 2019

Migration research dissemination in Kathmandu

conferences, international, PG research Edwin van Teijlingen

Last week we presented key findings from our various research projects on health and migration in Nepal. The research meeting was held in a hotel in central Kathmandu. More than seventy people turned up, in fact more people than had registered so the kitchen had to add to the lunch buffet at short notice. The chief guest was the Deputy Speaker of the Nepal’s Federal Parliament, Shivamaya Tumbahangphe. Dr. Tumbahangphe was the first female MP in Nepal with a PhD (in Political Sciences). She is speaking on the photo right, standing next to BU’s Dr. Bibha Simkhada.
The event was organised jointly with Liverpool John Moores University, Green Tara Nepal, and POURAKHI Nepal. the latter is an organisation of women migrant workers established in 2003. It aims to ensure the rights of women migrant workers and their families in the entire process of migration. The organisation focuses its work on women migrant worker’s concerns regarding issues that arise at the different stages of migration, namely pre-employment, pre-departure, employment and post-arrival periods through support programmes.

Nearly one-seventh of the world’s population is now living in a location different from the one in which they were born. Some 3.5 million Nepali are working as migrant workers in the Gulf countries, Malaysia, and India, contributing nearly one-third of the Nepal’s gross domestic product. Despite Nepal’s long history of work-related migration, the national dialogue has only recently become more prominent. Migration has become a political as well as a social issues, for example, we see migration mentioned in the national media on a daily basis. Our meeting was reported on TV and in an English-language newspaper The Himalayan Times on January 6th (to read article click here!).

The BU team comprises: Dr Pramod Regmi (FHSS Lecturer in International Health), Dr. Nirmal Aryal (Post-doctoral Research Fellow), Dr. Bibha Simkhada (FHSS Lecturer in Nursing), and in the Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health (CMMPH) Dr. Catherine Angell and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen. The team is complemented by Liverpool John Moores University’s Prof. Padam Simkhada (who is also Visiting Professor at BU), Dr. Pratik Adhikary (BU graduate based at Green Tara Nepal) and colleagues at Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

January 12, 2019

Developing our partnership in Nepal

Centre for Excellence in Learning, Fusion, international, Knowledge Exchange, Public engagement, Student Engagement Edwin van Teijlingen

Last year BU signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (MMIHS) in Kathmandu, Nepal. This week Dr. Bibha Simkhada, Lecturer in Nursing, Dr. Shanti Shanker, Lecturer (Academic) in Psychology, and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen in the Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health (CMMPH) delivered one-day workshop on qualitative and mixed-methods research approaches. The workshop was very well attended by MSc students, not just from MMIHS, but also those from several other colleges and universities.

MMIHS is part of BU’s latest bids for ERASMUS Higher Education Student & Staff Mobility between Programme and Partner Countries (Key Action 107) – International Credit Mobility. Bournemouth University’s strategic plan known as BU2015 has as one of its pillars our desire to “enrich society by having a significant impact on challenges world-wide“. Through Fusion BU aims to (a) have a positive impact world-wide on the challenges facing society; (b) ensure staff, students and graduates enrich society as active citizens in their communities; and (c) strengthen our shared impact through worldwide partnerships. Expanding and developing the existing BU-MMIHS partnership is a excellent stepping stone for the ERASMUS application.

Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen

January 11, 2019

Societal Challenge 6 Call 2019 – Information Days in the UK

Funding opportunities, Info Days, international Ainar

UKRO recently announced that the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), in its capacity as the UK National Contact Point (NCP) for Societal Challenge 6 – ‘Europe in changing world’, is organising a series of UK information events discussing SC6 2019 call, as well as wider research funding opportunities for social sciences and humanities (SSH) available in Horizon 2020.

Events will take place in British Academy on 14 January and in Newcastle University on 17 January.

Detailed agenda is available on the ESRC website. Although, less than 10 days remain, registration for these events is still open. For more information, the UK SC6 NCP can be contacted at Challenge6NCP@esrc.ac.uk.

The European Commission’s SC6 information and brokerage event took place on November 2018 and video recording and presentation slides are available. The info day consisted of a number of presentations, during which speakers from the European Commission and the Research Executive Agency presented the 2019 topics and the evaluation process. The second part of the day was dedicated to networking; the list of participants (includes nearly 400 names) may be useful source of information for academics interested to find partners in their research area.

December 31, 2018

Final publication of 2018

PG research, Publishing, student research, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

Congratulations to Orlanda Harvey on the publication of her paper ‘Shades of Grey’: The Ethics of Social Work Practice in Relation to Un-prescribed Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use. Orlanda Harvey is a PhD student in the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences with a research interest in image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use. Her paper will be published in Practice: Social Work in Action.

This paper highlights ethical dilemmas that social workers face when assessing risk in relation to those using substances. It explores how legislation and societal factors can impact not just on people’s choices and decisions but also on their ‘vulnerability’ and access to services. Vulnerability, a contested term, is linked, in this paper, to assessment of risk. There are ethical issues that arise when assessing risk with people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) from both service user and professional perspectives. These ethical issues concern a person’s right to choose whilst making potentially harmful decisions. The paper argues that using substances such as AAS in and of itself does not suffice to make a person vulnerable but this does not mean that people using AAS are not in need of support. It suggests that there may be some groups of people who are more at risk to starting AAS use and that social workers should be aware of these. It also recommends the need for further qualitative research to understand the reasons for starting use and support to help people stop using AAS.

Well done!

Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen

CMMPH

December 21, 2018

Congratulations to FHSS student Raksha Thapa

international, open access, PG research, Publishing, writing Edwin van Teijlingen

On the last working day of 2018 at Bournemouth University we congratulate FHSS student Raksha Thapa on the publication of her first PhD paper in her first PhD year. The paper Uptake of Health Services by People from the Dalit Community was published today in the Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences [1]. Raksha is supervised by Dr. Pramod Regmi, Dr. Vanessa Heaslip and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen.

The paper discusses a variety of studies and reports on the uptake of health services in Nepal and other low-income countries by socio-economic cultural status in South Asia. These reports often focus on limitations due to physical factors, such as travel distance to health facility, or lack of medical facilities or electricity at the health care centre or focus on resources, such as lack of service providers, or lack of appropriately trained staff. Therefore, this article highlights the importance of discrimination as a reason for people not seeking available health care. Discrimination is particularly a barrier to service usage among the most deprived people in society, such as the Dalit community in Nepal and South Asia more generally. The authors discuss the caste-based discrimination in Nepal and its effects on health outcomes of those groups who experience such discrimination.

Reference:

Thapa, R., van Teijlingen, E., Regmi, P. , Heaslip, V. (2018) Uptake of Health Services by People from the Dalit Community, Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 1(2): 1-6.

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