
Seventh edition of Social Work textbook

Latest research and knowledge exchange news at Bournemouth University
This week the editor of the International Journal of Social Sciences and Management emailed that the paper ‘Drowning Prevention should be a Public Health Issue in Nepal‘ [1] had been published. This is the first paper for our Ph.D. student Md. Shafkat Hossain. Shafkat co-authored this paper drowning prevention experts in Nepal, Dr. Bhagabati Sedain and Dr. Puspa Rai Pant and Prof. Aminur Rahman based at CIPRB (the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh).
Shafkat’s thesis is part of the interdisciplinary Sonamoni project on drowning prevention in toddlers under the age of two in Bangladesh. This newly published paper takes lessons learnt from Bangladesh and offers them as ideas to be considered in Nepal. Nepal is prone to a range of natural disasters; earthquakes being the most widely recognised one. However, many people are at risk of drowning as the serious flooding in the autumn of 2024 showed, but this is not recognised as a serious public health risk in Nepal. Drowning relates to people’s everyday activities such as crossing rivers, bathing and swimming and should be treated as a social and public health problem.
The Sonamoni project is being coordinated by Bournemouth University in collaboration with the University of the West of England, Bristol, the University of Southampton, the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI), CIPRB in Bangladesh and Design Without Borders in Uganda. It funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) through its Research and Innovation for Global Health Transformation programme. For more information, visit the NIHR website.
As we are reaching the end of Open Access Week is worth highlighting that this paper is fully Open Access, and hence freely available in both Nepal and Bangladesh!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
Centre for Midwifery & Women’s Health
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Yesterday ResearchGate informed us that our paper ‘The impact of decentralisation on health systems: a systematic review of reviews‘ [1] had reached 400 reads. This paper, published in BMJ Global Health, is one of six papers published from our interdisciplinary research project ‘The impact of federalisation on Nepal’s health system: a longitudinal analysis’, the other five include a methods paper and a public health paper [2-6].
This study was funded by the UK Health Systems Research Initiative [Grant ref. MR/T023554/1]. In this larger Nepal Federal Health System Project we study the consequences for the health system of Nepal’s move from a centralised political system to a more federal government structure in 2015. This joint project was led by the University of Sheffield in collaboration with Bournemouth University, the University of Huddersfield, Canter Bury Christ Church University and two institutions in Nepal, namely MMIHS (Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences) and PHASE Nepal.
Appropriately on Open Access Week, all six papers are Open Access, i.e. freely available to everyone with internet access in Nepal (and elsewhere in the world).
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The University of Leiden in the Netherlands compiles the CWTS Leiden Ranking Open Edition, and offers fully transparent information about the scientific performance of over 1500 major universities worldwide.
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
Research Culture Champion in the Faculty of Health & Social Sciences
There are several different methods or approaches to help researchers when evaluating of complex public health interventions or programmes. Our recent paper ‘Most Significant Change Approach: A Guide to Assess the Programmatic Effects’ [1] describes the Most Significant Change (MSC) participatory technique to monitor and evaluate programmatic effects. The MSC is a form of monitoring because it occurs throughout the programme’s lifecycle and provides information to manage it. Unfortunately, MSC as a participatory evaluation technique using qualitative methods is not widely used nor known.
We hope to convince relevant funders and evaluators of the value of the MSC technique and application. Our paper offers step-by-step guidelines on how to use the MSC technique when evaluating a large-scale intervention covering perspectives of different beneficiaries within a limited period. The MSC process involves purposively selecting the beneficiaries, collecting the Most Significant (MS) stories, which are then systematically analysed by designated stakeholders and or implemented partners, selected through internal vetting, and external process by involving beneficiaries and stakeholders.
The central question focuses on changes in the form of stories such as ‘Who did what?’; ‘When did the change occur?’; and ‘What was the process?’ Additionally, it seeks feedback to explain why particular a story was selected as MS and how the selection process was organised. The MSC technique further attempts to verify the validity, significant, relevant, sustainability of the change, and impact on marginalized or Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) groups brought by the programme. Furthermore, the technique seeks verification of the MS story by triangulating comprehensive notes and recordings.
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
Centre for Midwifery & Women’s Health
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Congratulations to Dr. Shanti Farrington, Principal Academic in Psychology, on the publication of her latest paper ‘The impact of cultural practice and policy on dementia care in Nepal‘ [1]. This paper in the international journal BMC Geriatrics reminds us that our wider culture plays a vital role in both dementia care and policy. This study explored the cultural practice and policy influence around caring for People Living with Dementia (PLWD) in Nepal. It comprised four in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions with 29 participants, including family members, health care professionals, and other stakeholders. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
This qualitative research resulted in four major themes (each with several sub-themes): 1. Cultural practice in dementia care; 2. Impact of policy on the dementia care; 3. Service provision; and 4. Education and training. The authors conclude that is a need for community-based awareness raising on dementia and its care, to sensitize all relevant stakeholders to meet the needs of PLWD. In addition, capacity building of health workforce is needed to enhance their knowledge of and skills around dementia care.
The lead author is Dr. Bibha Simkhada, formerly in BU’s Department of Nursing Sciences, and currently based in the School of Human and Health Sciences at the University of Huddersfield. Further co-authors are Pallavi Simkhada, PhD student at the University of Edinburgh, Sanju Thapa Magar, based at Aging Nepal and Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen, in BU’s Centre for Midwifery & Women’s Health.
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Congratulations to Karim Khaled on the publication in the international journal Nutrients of his latest women’s health paper [1]. The paper ‘A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Examine the Mediating Effect of Stress on Diet in Culturally Diverse Women of Childbearing Age’ is co-authored with his PhD supervisors Dr. Fotini Tsofliou and Prof. Vanora Hundley.
This paper in Nutrients is Open Access, hence available to read to anybody across the globe with internet access.
Well done!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
Centre for Midwifery & Women’s Health
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This morning the editor of the Frontiers in Psychiatry emailed us that the paper reporting the findings of the baseline data of a large-scale epidemiological study into pregnancy during COVID-19 in the UK has been published [1]. The interdisciplinary research team includes researchers from University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust (Dr. Latha Vinayakarao & Prof. Minesh Khashu) and Bournemouth University (Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen).
This longitudinal study explores how the SARS-CoV-2 [COVID-19] pandemic affected the mental health of pregnant people in the UK. In mid-to-late 2020, we recruited 3666 individuals in the UK for the EPPOCH pregnancy cohort (Maternal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of the Pandemic on Pregnancy Outcomes and Childhood Health). Participants were assessed for depression, anxiety, anger and pregnancy-related anxiety using validated scales. Additionally, physical activity, social support, individualized support and personal coping ability of the respondents were assessed as potential resilience factors.
Participants reported high levels of depression (57.05%), anxiety (58.04%) and anger (58.05%). Higher levels of social and individualized support and personal coping ability were associated with lower mental health challenges. Additionally, pregnant individuals in the UK experienced higher depression during the pandemic than that reported in Canada. Finally, qualitative analysis revealed that restrictions for partners and support persons during medical appointments as well as poor public health communication led to increased mental health adversities and hindered ability to make medical decisions.
The study highlights the increased mental health challenges among pregnant individuals in the UK during pandemic. These results highlight the need for reassessing the mental health support measures available to pregnant people in the UK, both during times of crisis and in general.
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Our latest CMWH newsletter (autumn 2024 edition) is out now. Click here! This edition includes news items and stories related the successes of CMWH staff and students. For example, about Drs. Dominique Mylod and Daisy Wiggins who both secured innovative NIHR funding for undergraduate student internships. Or about the recently awarded National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) funding for ‘INSIGHT: Inspiring Students into Research’. This innovative three-year programme started this summer as part of the NIHR Academy’s portfolio of career support for health and social care professionals. The programme supports the NIHR aim to develop a highly skilled research workforce capable of advancing the best research which improves health and care, and benefits society and the economy.
There is also an item on the importance of humour to stimulate interest and engagement with taboo women’s health topics. CMWH’s Rosie Harper, a PhD researcher and pelvic floor physiotherapist at University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust has led a study with comedian and women’s health physiotherapist Elaine Miller and the results were published in Health Expectations. Elaine’s Instagram campaign ran daily for 3 months @gusset_grippers. And there are many more stories and announcements. The editors would like to thank Abier Hamidi for her excellent editorial support!
Last Sunday ResearchGate informed us that the paper ‘Health facility preparedness of maternal and neonatal health services: a survey in Jumla, Nepal‘ [1] published in the international journal BMC Health Services Research had been read 10,000 times. In this paper, which is in an Open Access journal, Pasang reports on a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 covering all 31 state health facilities in a district of Nepal to assess the availability of maternal and neonatal health services including appropriate workforce and access to essential medicines. Tests of association between demographic factors and the probability of a facility experiencing a shortage of essential medicine within the last 3 months were also conducted as exploratory procedures. Overall health facilities reported better availability of staff than of drugs. The authors concluded that health facilities in Nepals should be supported to meet required minimal standards such as availability of essential medicines and the provision of emergency ambulance transport for women and newborns. This paper was part of Dr. Pasang Tamang’s Ph.D. project at the University of Huddersfield, which resulted in four other related publications [2-5]. Pasang is currently working as a Lecturer in Public Health in the School of Human Sciences at the University of Greenwich.
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
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With the upcoming Bournemouth University systematic review module co-ordinated lead by Prof. Vanora Hundley, the following announcement was timely today:
The systematic review course is part of the INSIGHT programme.
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Twenty reads may not look a lot, but this paper on kidney disease in Nepalese migrant workers was only published in the second half of last month. Our paper ‘Exploring lifestyles, work environment and health care experience of Nepalese returnee labour migrants diagnosed with kidney-related problems’ [1] resulted from a study funded by UK-based charity The Colt Foundation.
One of the problems with kidney disease is that damage might be inflicted over a long period before people experience serious symptoms, as they might not show until the kidneys are working on less than half their capacity and long-term permanent damage has been done. This study indicates that Nepalese migrant workers face numerous challenges, including limited access to clean water and sanitation facilities, poor diets, exposure to occupational hazards, and overuse of pain medication, all of which may contribute to an increased risk of kidney disease.
The paper is Open Access, and hence freely available to everybody with internet access. Our faculty of Health & Social Sciences team (Dr. Nirmal Aryal, Dr. Pramod Remi & Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen) has written many scientific papers (as well as a few Viewpoint articles) on a wide-range of aspects related to the health and well-being of migrant workers [2-33], our co-authors include former BU staff members Dr. Preeti Mahato, Dr. Bibha Simkhada, Dr. Shovita Adhikari Dhakal, Dr. Steve Trenoweth, Dr. Steve Keen, Dr. Zoe Sheppard and former BU PhD student Pratik Adhikary.
Dr. Pramod Regmi, Dr. Nirmal Aryal & Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
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A few days ago we published the editorial for the latest issues of the Nepal Journal of Epidemiology. This editorial under the title ‘Urgent need for better quality control, standards and regulation for the Large Language Models used in healthcare domain‘ [1] comments that current methodologies for ensuring AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology’s safety and efficacy may be adequate for earlier AI iterations predating generative artificial intelligence (GAI). However, better clinical gouvernance GAI may necessitate the development of novel regulatory frameworks. As AI technology advances, researchers, academic institutions, funding bodies, and publishers should continue to examine its impact on scientific inquiry and revise their understanding, ethical guidelines, and regulations accordingly.
The co-authors include two Bournemouth University Visiting Faculty, Prof. Padam Simkhada (based at the University of Huddersfield) and Dr. Brijesh Sathian (based at Rumailah Hospital, Qatar).
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
CMWH
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Congratulations to Dr. Ans Luyben on the publication of her latest midwifery article ‘How to promote midwives’ recognition and professional autonomy? A document analysis study’ [1]. This latest paper will appear in the forthcoming November issue of the international scientific journal Midwifery, published by Elsevier.
The paper identified challenges in Belgian midwives’ recognition and professional autonomy and provided recommendations to address them, emphasizing the importance of recognized authority in midwifery. Implementing these recommendations can positively impact midwives’ recognition and autonomy in Belgium as well as in other countries. Ans has long been affiliated with the Centre of Midwifery & Women’s Health (CMWH) as Visiting Faculty and she works in the Frauenzentrum (Centre for Women’s Health), Lindenhofgruppe, Bern, Switzerland.
Well done!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
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This week Notan Dutta, from our collaborating research organisation CIPRB (Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh) presented a poster on ‘Identifying the strengths and challenges from the perspective of primary caregivers of drowning prevention interventions in Bangladesh’ at the 15th World Conference on Injury Prevention & Safety Promotion (Safety 2024). One of the co-authors of this poster presentation is Bournemouth University’s PhD student Md. Shafkat Hossain. Shafkat also attended the conference in India. Shafkat was in Delhi funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies as part of its Emerging Leaders in Drowning Prevention programme.
This initiative brings together a cohort of younger leaders to join national and international efforts to raise awareness and strengthen solutions and political commitment towards drowning.
Our research into drowning prevention of under two-year old children in rural Bangladesh is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) through their Research and Innovation for Global Health Transformation programme. For more information about our ongoing collaborative research in Bangladesh, please see the NIHR website. This is an interdisciplinary project between Bournemouth University, CIPRB, the RNLI (Royal National Lifeboat Institute), the University of the West of England, the University of the West of England, and Design Without Borders (DWB) in Uganda.
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen & Dr. Mavis Bengtsson
Centre for Midwifery & Women’s Health
In this theoretical overview paper, we have first of all outlined our understanding of these individual terms. We suggest how the five principles of health promotion as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO) fit into Andrew Tannahill’s model from 2009 [2] of three overlapping areas: (a) health education; (b) prevention of ill health; and (c) health protection. Our schematic overview places health education within health promotion and health promotion itself in the center of the overarching disciplines of education and public health. We hope our representation helps reduce confusion among all those interested in our discipline, including students, educators, journalists, practitioners, policymakers, politicians, and researchers.
The paper is co-authored by a primary school teacher based in Dorset, and four professors who have a combined experience in the wider public health field of over a century.
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
Centre for Midwifery & Women’s Health
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In their review the authors conclude that in-person, individual education, as an adjunct to conventional topical therapy, may reduce short-term eczema signs compared to standard care, but there is no information on eczema symptoms, quality of life or long-term outcomes. Group education probably reduces eczema signs and symptoms in the long term and may also improve quality of life in the short term. Favourable effects were also reported for technology-mediated education, habit reversal treatment and arousal reduction therapy. All favourable effects are of uncertain clinical significance, since they may not exceed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the outcome measures used. Finally, they found no trials of self-help psychological interventions, psychological therapies or printed education. Future trials should include more diverse populations, address shared priorities, evaluate long-term outcomes and ensure patients are involved in trial design.
Well done!
Prof. Edwin van Teijlingen
CMWH
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